Bahasa Hokkien Taiwan
Bahasa Hokkien Taiwan, juga dikenali sebagai bahasa Minnan Taiwan[I], Holo,[8] Taiwan,[II] atau Taigi,[9] ialah suatu ragam bahasa Hokkien yang ditutur asli oleh sekitar 70% populasi Taiwan.[10] Ia ditutur oleh orang Hoklo Taiwan, yang dari keturunan pendatang dari selatan Fujian semasa dinasti Qing.[11] Perumian Pe̍h-ōe-jī (POJ) ialah ortografi yang popular bagi varian bahasa Hokkien ini.
Bahasa Hokkien Taiwan | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
臺灣閩南語[I] | |||||||
Sebutan | "Tâi-gí/Tâi-gú" in different pronunciations [tai˧˩ g̃i˥˩] / [tai˧˩ g̃u˥˩] (coastal) | ||||||
Asli kepada | Taiwan | ||||||
Penutur bahasa | 16+ juta (2017)[1] | ||||||
Sino-Tibetan
| |||||||
Rumi (Pe̍h-ōe-jī), aksara Cina | |||||||
Status rasmi | |||||||
Bahasa rasmi di | Taiwan [a] | ||||||
Dikawal selia oleh | Kementerian Pendidikan di Taiwan dan NGO berkaitan di Taiwan | ||||||
Kod bahasa | |||||||
ISO 639-3 | – | ||||||
Glottolog | taib1242 Taibei Hokkien | ||||||
Linguasphere | 79-AAA-jh | ||||||
Perkadaran penduduk berusia 6 tahun atau lebih tua yang menggunakan bahasa Hokkien di rumah di Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen & Matsu pada tahun 2010[7] | |||||||
Bahasa Minnan Taiwan | |||||||||||||||||||||
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Tulisan Cina Tradisional | 臺灣閩南語 | ||||||||||||||||||||
POJ Bahasa Hokkien | Tâi-oân Bân-lâm-gí / Tâi-oân Bân-lâm-gú | ||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||
Bahasa Taiwan | |||||||||||||||||||||
Tulisan Cina Tradisional | 臺灣話 | ||||||||||||||||||||
POJ Bahasa Hokkien | Tâi-oân-oē | ||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||
Second alternative Chinese name | |||||||||||||||||||||
Tulisan Cina Tradisional | 臺灣語 | ||||||||||||||||||||
POJ Bahasa Hokkien | Tâi-oân-gí / Tâi-oân-gú | ||||||||||||||||||||
|
Bahasa Hokkien Taiwan pada umumnya serupa dengan tuturan Amoy, Quanzhou dan Zhangzhou (cabang bahasa Minnan Cina), serta bentuk dialeknya digunakan di Asia Tenggara, dan pada umumnya saling memahami.[12] Kepopularan ramai media hiburan Hokkien dari Taiwan telah memberi kelantangan kepada ragam Taiwan Hokkien, terutamanya sejak 1980-an.
Kesarjanaan
suntingWritten Taiwanese Klöter (dipetik di bawah) telah digambarkan "kajian bahasa Taiwan bertulis berbahasa Inggeris yang paling menyeluruh".[13]
Lihat juga
suntingNota
suntingPerkataan dalam bahasa-bahasa asal
sunting- ^ a b
- Tulisan Cina: 臺灣閩南語
- Mandarin Pinyin: Táiwān Mǐnnányǔ
- Hokkien: Tâi-oân Bân-lâm gí (gú)
- Hakka Sixian: 台湾闽南语
- ^
- Tulisan Cina: 臺灣話(語)
- Hokkien: Tâi-oân oē (gí; gú)
Rujukan
suntingPetikan
sunting- ^ Bahasa Hokkien Taiwan di Ethnologue (edisi ke-18, 2015)
- ^ "Draft national language development act clears legislative floor". focustaiwan.tw.
- ^ "立院三讀《國家語言發展法》 公廣集團可設台語電視台". ltn.com.tw.
- ^ "《國家語言發展法》立院三讀!政府得設台語專屬頻道". ltn.com.tw.
- ^ 大眾運輸工具播音語言平等保障法
- ^ Article 6 of the Standards for Identification of Basic Language Abilities and General Knowledge of the Rights and Duties of Naturalized Citizens Diarkibkan 2017-07-25 di Wayback Machine
- ^ Table 6: Languages used at home for the resident nationals aged 6 years and over by gender and age, 2010 Population and Housing Census Diarkibkan 22 Februari 2015 di Wayback Machine, Directorate General of Budget, Accounting and Statistics (DGBAS), ROC (Taiwan).
- ^ "TAIWAN SNAPSHOT". Dicapai pada 15 March 2020.
Languages Mandarin (Chinese), Holo (Taiwanese), Hakka, Austronesian languages
- ^ "Taigi與台語". Liberty Times. Dicapai pada 10 August 2019.
- ^ "Taiwan". Ethnologue.
Prinicpal languages
- ^ Dreyer, June Teufel (2003). "Taiwan's Evolving Identity". The Evolution of a Taiwanese National Identity (PDF). Asia Program Special Report. 114. Washington: Woodrow Wilson International Institute for Scholars. m/s. 4–10. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal (PDF) pada 2016-03-25. Dicapai pada 12 August 2016.
- ^ "Chinese, Min Nan". Ethnologue (dalam bahasa Inggeris). Dicapai pada 2018-06-12.
- ^ Snow (2004), m/s. 261.
Sumber dipetik
sunting- Ang, Ui-jin (1987). 臺灣河佬語聲調研究 (dalam bahasa Cina) (ed. 4). Taipei: 自立晚報. ISBN 9789575960353. OCLC 813713530.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Davidson, James W. (1903). The Island of Formosa, Past and Present : history, people, resources, and commercial prospects : tea, camphor, sugar, gold, coal, sulphur, economical plants, and other productions. London and New York: Macmillan. OCLC 1887893. OL 6931635M.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Klöter, Henning (2005). Written Taiwanese. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. ISBN 9783447050937.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Snow, D. (2004). Cantonese as Written Language: The Growth of a Written Chinese Vernacular. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press. ISBN 9789622097094.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Wu, Soli (2000). 國臺對照活用辭典 [Mandarin-Taiwanese Comparative Living Dictionary] (dalam bahasa Cina dan Cina). Taipei: Yuan-Liou. ISBN 9789573240884. OCLC 45990089.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Bacaan lanjut
suntingBuku dan bahan lain
sunting(Disebabkan bahan bahasa Melayu dan Inggeris tentang pembelajaran bahasa Taiwan terhad, buku bahasa Jepun dan Jerman juga tersenarai di sini.)
- Buku teks & kamus Inggeris
- 李勤岸 (2005). 哈佛臺語101 [Harvard Taiwanese 101] (paperback & CD) (dalam bahasa Inggeris dan Cina). Diterjemahkan oleh Yeh, Chieh-Ting; Lee, Marian. Tainan: 開朗. ISBN 9789868160811.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Su-chu Wu, Bodman, Nicholas C.: Spoken Taiwanese with cassette(s), 1980/2001, ISBN 0-87950-461-7 or ISBN 0-87950-460-9 or ISBN 0-87950-462-5
- Campbell, William (1913). A Dictionary of the Amoy Vernacular, spoken throughout the prefectures of Chin-chiu, Chiang-chiu and Formosa. Tainan: Taiwan Church Press. OCLC 867068660.
- Campbell, William (1923) [1913]. A Dictionary of the Amoy Vernacular, spoken throughout the prefectures of Chin-chiu, Chiang-chiu and Formosa (ed. 2nd). Yokohama: Fukuin Print. Co. OCLC 43655590(with preface by Thomas Barclay)CS1 maint: postscript (link)
- Iâu Chèng-to: Cheng-soán Pe̍h-oē-jī (Concise Colloquial Writing). Tainan, Taiwan: Jîn-kong (an imprint of the Presbyterian Church in Taiwan). 1992.
- Tân, K. T: A Chinese-English Dictionary: Taiwan Dialect. Taipei: Southern Materials Center. 1978.
- Maryknoll Language Service Center: English-Amoy Dictionary. Taichung, Taiwan: Maryknoll Fathers. 1979.
- Terbitan bahasa Jepun
- Higuchi, Yasushi (樋口 靖 Higuchi Yasushi): 台湾語会話, 2000, ISBN 4-497-20004-3 (Good and yet concise introduction to the Taiwanese language in Japanese; CD: ISBN 4-497-20006-X)
- Zhao, Yihua (趙 怡華 Zhào Yíhuá): はじめての台湾語, 2003, ISBN 4-7569-0665-6 (Introduction to Taiwanese [and Mandarin]; in Japanese).
- Zheng, Zhenghao (鄭 正浩 Zhèng Zhènghào): 台湾語基本単語2000, 1996, ISBN 4-87615-697-2 (Basic vocabulary in Taiwanese 2000; in Japanese).
- Zhao, Yihua (趙 怡華 Zhào Yíhuá), Chen Fenghui (陳 豐惠 Chén Fēnghuì), Kaori Takao (たかお かおり Takao Kaori), 2006, 絵でわかる台湾語会話. ISBN 978-4-7569-0991-6 (Conversations in Taiwanese [and Mandarin] with illustrations; in Japanese).
- Others
- Katharina Sommer, Xie Shu-Kai: Taiwanisch Wort für Wort, 2004, ISBN 3-89416-348-8 (Taiwanese for travellers, in German. CD: ISBN 3-8317-6094-2)
- Rencana dan sumber lain
- Chiung, Wi-vun Taiffalo (2003). "Tone Change in Taiwanese: Age and Geographic Factors" (PDF). University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics. 8 (1). Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 3 March 2012.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- LÎM, Chùn-io̍k (2014). "The Common Taiwanese Bible: A Means of Seeking to Affirm the Selfhood and Integrity of Taiwanese and Their Language". Journal of Taiwanese Vernacular. 6 (2): 106–9. doi:10.6621/JTV.2014.0602.05.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Tan-Tenn, Henry H. (2001). "Taiwanese learning resources" (PDF). Diarkibkan daripada yang asal (PDF) pada 2005-04-18.
- Tiuⁿ, Jū-hông (2001). 白話字基本論 : 臺語文對應&相關的議題淺說 [Principles of Pe̍h-oē-jī or the Taiwanese Orthography: an introduction to its sound-symbol correspondences and related issues] (dalam bahasa Chinese). Taipei: Crane. ISBN 957-2053-07-8.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Pautan luar
suntingWikipedia Bahasa Hokkien Taiwan, ensiklopedia bebas |
- Tentang bahasa
- Cannings, Michael. "Introducing the Taiwanese Language". Tailingua.
- Blog on the Taiwanese language and language education in Taiwan
- Mair, Victor H. (2003). "How to Forget Your Mother Tongue and Remember Your National Language". University of Pennsylvania. Dicapai pada 2 July 2011.
- Sino-Tibetan Swadesh lists
- Kamus
- 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (dalam bahasa Chinese). Ministry of Education, R.O.C. 2011.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
- Iûⁿ, Ún-giân. 台語-華語線頂辭典 [Taiwanese-Mandarin Online Dictionary] (dalam bahasa Taiwanese Hokkien, Cina, dan Inggeris).
- Iûⁿ, Ún-giân. 台語線頂字典 [Taiwanese Online Character Dictionary] (dalam bahasa Chinese).CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
- 臺灣本土語言互譯及語音合成系統 [Taiwanese languages translation and speech synthesis system] (dalam bahasa Cina, Taiwanese Hokkien, dan Cina Hakka). Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 8 October 2006.
- "Maryknoll Taiwanese-English Dictionary and English-Amoy Dictionary". Maryknoll Language Service Center.
- Bantuan pembelajaran
- Intermediate Taiwanese grammar (as a blog)
- Taiwanese vocabulary: word of the day (blog)
- Taiwanese teaching material: Nursery rhymes and songs in Han characters and romanization w/ recordings in MP3
- Travlang (language resources for travellers): Hō-ló-oē
- Spoken Hokkien - a beginner's e-textbook, with audio, for English-speaking learners of conversational Taiwanese.
- "Daiwanway". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2007-04-29. Tutorial, dictionary, and stories in Taiwanese. Uses a unique romanization system, different from Pe̍h-oē-jī. Includes sound filesCS1 maint: postscript (link)
- Lain
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