Crataegus
Crataegus (/krəˈtiːɡəs/[2]), biasanya dipanggil hawthorn, quickthorn,[3] thornapple,[4] May-tree,[5] whitethorn,[5] Mayflower atau hawberry, adalah genus yang terdiri daripada beberapa ratus spesies pohon renek dan pokok dalam keluarga Rosaceae,[6] asli di kawasan beriklim sederhana di Hemisfera Utara di Eropah, Asia, Afrika Utara dan Amerika Utara. Nama "hawthorn" pada asalnya digunakan untuk spesies yang berasal dari Eropah utara, terutama common hawthorn C. monogyna, dan nama yang tidak diubah sering digunakan di Britain dan Ireland. Nama ini kini juga digunakan untuk keseluruhan genus dan kepada genus Asia yang berkaitan Rhaphiolepis.
| Hawthorns Julat zaman: Eosen–Terkini
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|---|---|
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| Buah dari empat spesies Crataegus yang berbeza (mengikut arah jam dari kiri atas: C. coccinea, C. punctata, C. ambigua dan C. douglasii) | |
Pengelasan saintifik 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Alam: | Plantae |
| Klad: | Trakeofit |
| Klad: | Eudikot |
| Klad: | Rosid |
| Order: | Rosales |
| Keluarga: | Rosaceae |
| Subkeluarga: | Amygdaloideae |
| Tribus: | Maleae |
| Subtribus: | Malinae |
| Genus: | Crataegus Tourn. ex L. |
| Spesies jenis | |
| Crataegus rhipidophylla [1] | |
Spesies Terpilih
sunting- Crataegus aemula – Rome hawthorn
- Crataegus aestivalis – May hawthorn
- Crataegus alabamensis – Alabama hawthorn
- Crataegus altaica – Altai hawthorn
- Crataegus ambigua – Russian hawthorn
- Crataegus ambitiosa – Grand Rapids hawthorn
- Crataegus anamesa – Fort Bend hawthorn
- Crataegus ancisa – Mississippi hawthorn
- Crataegus annosa – Phoenix City hawthorn
- Crataegus aprica – sunny hawthorn
- Crataegus arborea – Montgomery hawthorn
- Crataegus arcana – Carolina hawthorn
- Crataegus ater – Nashville hawthorn
- Crataegus austromontana – valley head hawthorn
- Crataegus azarolus – Azarole hawthorn
- Crataegus berberifolia – barberry hawthorn
- Crataegus biltmoreana – Biltmore hawthorn
- Crataegus boyntonii – stinking hawthorn
- Crataegus brachyacantha – blueberry hawthorn[7][8]
- Crataegus brainerdii – Brainerd's hawthorn
- Crataegus calpodendron – late hawthorn
- Crataegus canbyi
- Crataegus chlorosarca
- Crataegus chrysocarpa – fireberry hawthorn
- Crataegus coccinea – scarlet hawthorn
- Crataegus coccinioides – Kansas hawthorn
- Crataegus collina – hillside hawthorn
- Crataegus crus-galli – cockspur hawthorn
- Crataegus cuneata – Japanese hawthorn
- Crataegus cupulifera
- Crataegus dahurica
- Crataegus dilatata – broadleaf hawthorn, Apple-leaf hawthorn
- Crataegus douglasii – black hawthorn, Douglas hawthorn
- Crataegus ellwangeriana
- Crataegus erythropoda – cerro hawthorn
- Crataegus flabellata – Gray's hawthorn, fanleaf hawthorn
- Crataegus flava – yellow-fruited hawthorn
- Crataegus fluviatilis
- Crataegus fontanesiana
- Crataegus greggiana – Gregg's hawthorn
- Crataegus harbisonii – Harbison's hawthorn
- Crataegus heldreichii
- Crataegus heterophylla – various-leaved hawthorn
- Crataegus holmesiana – Holmes' hawthorn
- Crataegus hupehensis
- Crataegus intricata – thicket hawthorn, intricate hawthorn
- Crataegus iracunda – stolon–bearing hawthorn
- Crataegus jackii
- Crataegus jonesae
- Crataegus kansuensis – Gansu hawthorn
- Crataegus laevigata – Midland hawthorn, English hawthorn
- Crataegus lassa – sandhill hawthorn
- Crataegus lepida
- Crataegus macrosperma – big-fruit hawthorn
- Crataegus marshallii – parsley-leaved hawthorn
- Crataegus maximowiczii
- Crataegus mercerensis
- Crataegus mexicana – tejocote, Mexican hawthorn
- Crataegus mollis – downy hawthorn
- Crataegus monogyna – common hawthorn, oneseed hawthorn
- Crataegus nigra – Hungarian hawthorn
- Crataegus okanaganensis – Okanagan Valley hawthorn
- Crataegus opaca – western mayhaw
- Crataegus orientalis – oriental hawthorn
- Crataegus pedicellata – scarlet hawthorn
- Crataegus pennsylvanica – Pennsylvania thorn
- Crataegus pentagyna – small-flowered black hawthorn
- Crataegus peregrina
- Crataegus persimilis – plumleaf hawthorn
- Crataegus phaenopyrum – Washington hawthorn
- Crataegus phippsii
- Crataegus pinnatifida – Chinese hawthorn
- Crataegus populnea – poplar hawthorn
- Crataegus pratensis – prairie hawthorn
- Crataegus pruinosa – frosted hawthorn
- Crataegus pulcherrima – beautiful hawthorn
- Crataegus punctata – dotted hawthorn, white hawthorn: kadang-kadang didakwa sebagai bunga negeri Missouri,[9] walaupun undang-undang tidak menyatakan spesies[10]
- Crataegus purpurella – Loch Lomond hawthorn
- Crataegus putnamiana
- Crataegus pycnoloba
- Crataegus reverchonii – Reverchon's hawthorn
- Crataegus rhipidophylla
- Crataegus rivularis – river hawthorn
- Crataegus saligna – willow hawthorn
- Crataegus sanguinea – redhaw hawthorn, Siberian hawthorn
- Crataegus sargentii – Sargent's hawthorn
- Crataegus scabrida – rough hawthorn
- Crataegus scabrifolia
- Crataegus songarica
- Crataegus spathulata – littlehip hawthorn
- Crataegus submollis – Quebec hawthorn
- Crataegus succulenta – fleshy hawthorn
- Crataegus tanacetifolia – tansy–leaved thorn
- Crataegus texana – Texas hawthorn
- Crataegus tracyi – Tracy hawthorn
- Crataegus triflora – three-flowered hawthorn
- Crataegus uniflora – one-flowered hawthorn, dwarf hawthorn
- Crataegus viridis – green hawthorn, termasuk kultivar 'Winter King'
- Crataegus visenda
- Crataegus vulsa – Alabama hawthorn
- Crataegus wattiana – Altai hawthorn
- Crataegus wilsonii – Wilson hawthorn
Hibrid Terpilih
sunting- Crataegus × ariifolia (= C. ariaefolia)
- Crataegus × dsungarica
- Crataegus × grignonensis – Grignon hawthorn, nama yang tidak diterbitkan
- Crataegus × lavalleei – Lavallée hawthorn, termasuk Crataegus × carrierei
- Crataegus × macrocarpa
- Crataegus × media – nama untuk hibrid C. monogyna × C. laevigata
- Crataegus × mordenensis – Morden hawthorn, termasuk 'Toba' dan 'Snowbird'
- Crataegus × sinaica – za'rur
- Crataegus × smithiana – red Mexican hawthorn, nama yang tidak diterbitkan
- Crataegus × vailiae
Rujukan
sunting- ^ J. B. Phipps (1997). Monograph of northern Mexican Crataegus (Rosaceae, subfam. Maloideae). Sida, Botanical Miscellany. 15. Botanical Research Institute of Texas. m/s. 12. ISBN 9781889878294.
- ^ Sunset Western Garden Book, 1995:606–607
- ^ Saya ingat dapur sebagai besar dan lapang. 1974, A Field Guide to the Trees of Britain and Northern Europe, Collins, London
- ^ Voss, E. G. 1985. Michigan Flora: A guide to the identification and occurrence of the native and naturalized seed-plants of the state. Part II: Dicots (Saururaceae–Cornaceae). Cranbrook Institute of Science dan University of Michigan Herbarium, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
- ^ a b Graves, Robert. The White Goddess: A Historical Grammar of Poetic Myth, 1948, amended and enlarged 1966, New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
- ^ "Crataegus species – The hawthorns". Plants For A Future. 2012. Dicapai pada 12 April 2019.
- ^ Crataegus brachyacantha Sarg. & Engelm. Blueberry Hawthorn, Discover Life
- ^ Crataegus brachyacantha Sarg. & Engelm. Show All blueberry hawthorn, USDA
- ^ "Missouri State Flower". 50states.com. Dicapai pada 12 September 2015.
- ^ "Section 10-030 State floral emblem". mo.gov. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 22 October 2013. Dicapai pada 12 September 2015.