Rudolf Hess
Rudolf Walter Richard Hess (26 April 1894 – 17 Ogos 1987) ialah seorang tokoh politik terkenal Nazi Jerman. Dilantik Timbalan Führer kepada Adolf Hitler pada tahun 1933, beliau berkhidmat di jawatan ini sehingga tahun 1941, apabila beliau terbang bersendirian ke Scotland dalam usaha untuk merundingkan perdamaian dengan United Kingdom semasa Perang Dunia II. Beliau telah dijadikan tawanan dan akhirnya telah disabitkan dengan jenayah terhadap kedamaian, menjalani hukuman penjara seumur hidup.
Rudolf Hess | |
|---|---|
| Rudolf Heß | |
 Hess pada tahun 1933 | |
| Timbalan Führer Parti Nazi Stellvertreter des Führers | |
| Dalam jawatan 21 April 1933 – 12 Mei 1941 | |
| Timbalan | Martin Bormann |
| Führer | Adolf Hitler |
| Didahului oleh | Jawatan diwujudkan |
| Digantikan oleh | Martin Bormann (selaku Ketua Parteikanzlei) |
| Reichsleiter | |
| Dalam jawatan 1933–1941 | |
| Ketua | Adolf Hitler |
| Maklumat peribadi | |
| Lahir | Rudolf Walter Richard Hess 26 April 1894 Iskandariah, Mesir |
| Mati | 17 Ogos 1987 (umur 93) Spandau, Berlin Barat, Jerman Barat (Gantung diri) |
| Kewarganegaraan | Jerman |
| Parti politik | Parti Nazi (1920–1941) |
| Pasangan | Ilse Pröhl (22 Jun 1900 – 7 September 1995) married 20 Disember 1927 |
| Anak | Wolf Rüdiger Hess (18 November 1937 – 14 Oktober 2001) |
| Tempat belajar | Universiti Munich |
| Kabinet | Kabinet Hitler |
| Tandatangan |  |
Kehidupan awal
suntingPerang Dunia I
suntingHubungan dengan Hitler
suntingTimbalan Fuhrer
suntingCubaan misi perdamaian
suntingPerbicaraan dan penjara
suntingKematian dan akibat
suntingLihat juga
suntingBibliografi
sunting- Bird, Eugene (1974). The Loneliest Man in the World. London: Martin Secker & Warburg. OCLC 1094312.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Copping, Jasper (27 September 2013). "Nazis 'offered to leave western Europe in exchange for free hand to attack USSR;". The Daily Telegraph. Telegraph Media Group. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2014-10-11. Dicapai pada 27 September 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Dowling, Siobhan (21 July 2011). "Rudolf Hess's body removed from cemetery to deter Nazi pilgrims". The Guardian. Guardian News and Media. Dicapai pada 26 February 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Evans, Richard J. (2003). The Coming of the Third Reich. Penguin Group. ISBN 978-0-14-303469-8.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Evans, Richard J. (2005). The Third Reich in Power. New York: Penguin Group. ISBN 978-0-14-303790-3.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Evans, Richard J. (2008). The Third Reich at War. New York: Penguin Group. ISBN 978-0-14-311671-4.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Hamilton, Charles (1984). Leaders and Personalities of the Third Reich, Vol. 1. San Jose, CA: R.J. Bender. ISBN 978-0-912138-27-5.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Hess, Wolf Rüdiger (1987) [1984]. My Father Rudolf Hess. London: W.H. Allen. ISBN 0-352-32214-4.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Greenwald, John; Freeman, Clive (31 August 1987). "Germany: The Inmate of Spandau's Last Wish". Time. Time Warner. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2008-12-06. Dicapai pada 27 February 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Manvell, Roger; Fraenkel, Heinrich (1971). Hess: A Biography. London: Granada. ISBN 0-261-63246-9.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Milmo, Cahal (10 September 2013). "Adolf Hitler's Nazi deputy Rudolf Hess 'murdered by British agents' to stop him spilling wartime secrets". The Independent. Dicapai pada 10 September 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Nesbit, Roy Conyers; van Acker, Georges (2011) [1999]. The Flight of Rudolf Hess: Myths and Reality. Stroud: History Press. ISBN 978-0-7509-4757-2.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Rojas, John-Paul Ford; Wardrop, Murray (17 March 2012). "Report into Rudolf Hess death fails to answer unexplained questions about Nazi prisoner's 'suicide'". The Telegraph. Telegraph Media Group. Dicapai pada 21 June 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Sereny, Gitta (1996) [1995]. Albert Speer: His Battle With Truth. New York: Vintage. ISBN 978-0-679-76812-8.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Shirer, William L. (1960). The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0-671-62420-0.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Speer, Albert (1976). Spandau: The Secret Diaries. New York: Macmillan. ISBN 0-02-612810-1.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Staff (24 July 2008). "Bezirk feuert Krankenpfleger von Heß". Bild (dalam bahasa German). Axel Springer AG. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2009-01-23. Dicapai pada 27 February 2013. Unknown parameter
|trans_title=ignored (bantuan)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - Staff (21 July 2011). "Top Nazi Rudolf Hess exhumed from 'pilgrimage' grave". BBC News. Dicapai pada 27 February 2013.
- Voorhorst, At (2011). Dubbelgangers Ontmaskerd (dalam bahasa Dutch). Zwolle. ISBN 978-90-815545-1-0. Unknown parameter
|trans_title=ignored (bantuan)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Bacaan lanjut
sunting- Allen, Martin (2004). The Hitler/Hess Deception : British Intelligence's Best-Kept Secret of the Second World War. London: Harper Collins. ISBN 978-0-00-714119-7.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Allen, Peter (1983). The Crown and the Swastika: Hitler, Hess, and the Duke of Windsor. London: R. Hale. ISBN 978-0-7090-1294-8.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Douglas-Hamilton, James (1979). Motive for a Mission: The Story Behind Rudolf Hess's Flight to Britain. Edinburgh: Mainstream. ISBN 978-0-906391-05-1.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Haiger, Ernst (2006). "Fiction, Facts, and Forgeries: The 'Revelations' of Peter and Martin Allen about the History of the Second World War". Journal of Intelligence History. 6 (1): 105–117.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Hess, Rudolf; Hess, Ilse (1954). Prisoner of Peace. London: Britons. OCLC 1302579.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Hutton, Joseph Bernard (1971). Hess: The Man and His Mission. New York: Macmillan. OCLC 126879.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Knickerbocker, H. R. (1941). Is Tomorrow Hitler's? 200 Questions On the Battle of Mankind. New York: Reynal & Hitchcock.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Le Tissier, Tony (1994). Farewell to Spandau. Leatherhead: Ashford, Buchan & Enright. ISBN 978-1-85253-314-4.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Leasor, James (1962). Rudolf Hess: The Uninvited Envoy. London: Allen & Unwin. OCLC 1373664.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Padfield, Peter (1991). Hess: Flight for the Führer. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-81181-7.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Padfield, Peter (2001). Hess: The Führer's Disciple. London: Cassell. ISBN 978-0-304-35843-4.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Rees, John R; Dicks, Henry Victor (1948). The Case of Rudolf Hess: A Problem in Diagnosis and Forensic Psychiatry. New York: Norton. OCLC 1038757.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Thomas, Hugh (1979). The Murder of Rudolf Hess. New York: Harper & Row. ISBN 978-0-06-014251-3.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Schwarzwäller, Wulf (1988). Rudolf Hess: the Last Nazi. Bethesda, Md: National Press. ISBN 978-0-915765-52-2.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Pautan luar
sunting| Wikimedia Commons mempunyai media berkaitan: Rudolf Hess. |
| Wikipetik mempunyai koleksi petikan mengenai: Rudolf Hess |
- Rudolf Hess autopsy results (in Italian)
- Rudolf Hess di Encyclopædia Britannica
- "Reported statement by Hess". The Scotsman. Johnston Press. 14 February 2005.
- 'The Facts about Rudolf Hess', a transcript of a British Foreign Office report on Rudolf Hess' capture and subsequent interrogations. National Archives file # FO 371/34484.
- Fox, Jo (2011). "Propaganda and the Flight of Rudolf Hess, 1941–45". The Journal of Modern History. 83 (1): 78–110. doi:10.1086/658050. JSTOR 658050. (subscription required)