Perang Bosniak-Croat
Perang Bosniak-Croat adalah sebuah konflik bersenjata antara Republik Bosnia dan Herzegovina dengan Republik Herzeg-Bosnia Croatia yang diistiharkan sendiri oleh etnik Croat Bosnia serta disokong oleh Croatia, yang berlangsung pada 18 Oktober 1992 sehingga 23 Februari 1994. Ia sering kali dirujuk sebagai "perang dalam perang" kerana ia merupakan sebahagian daripada Perang Bosnia yang lebih besar. Pada awalnya, Bosniak (Muslim Bosnia) dan Croat merupakan sekutu dalam melawan Tentera Darat Rakyat Yugoslavia (JNA) dan Tentera Darat Republika Srpska (VRS), tetapi pada akhir tahun 1992 ketegangan antara mereka mula meningkat. Kejadian bersenjata pertama berlaku pada Oktober 1992 di tengah Bosnia antara etnik Croat tempatan dengan tentera Bosniak. Perikatan ketenteraan mereka bertahan sehingga awal tahun 1993 apabila kerjasama mereka mula berakhir dan dua etnik ini mula terlibat dalam konflik terbuka.
| Perang Bosniak–Croat | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sebahagian daripada Perang Bosnia dan Perang Yugoslavia | |||||||||
| |||||||||
| Pihak yang terlibat | |||||||||
 Republik Herzeg-Bosnia Croatia Croatia |
 Republik Bosnia dan Herzegovina | ||||||||
| Komandan dan pemimpin | |||||||||
|
Franjo Tuđman Gojko Šušak Janko Bobetko Mate Boban Milivoj Petković Slobodan Praljak Ante Roso Valentin Ćorić |
Alija Izetbegović Sefer Halilović Rasim Delić Enver Hadžihasanović Arif Pašalić Mehmed Alagić | ||||||||
| Kekuatan | |||||||||
| 40,000–50,000 (1993)[1] | 100,000–120,000 (1993)[2] | ||||||||
Perang Bosniak-Croat merebak ke tengah Bosnia dan kemudian ke Herzegovina, dengan kebanyakan pertempuran berlaku di dua buaha wilayah ini. Etnik Bosniak menyertai Tentera Darat Republik Bosnia dan Herzegovina (ARBiH), manakala etnik Croat pula dalam Majlis Pertahanan Croatia (HVO). Umumnya, perang berlaku dalam pola konflik bertompok-tompok dan kemudian diikuti oleh beberapa perjanjian gencatan senjata. Bagaimanapun, ia bukan merupakan sebuah perang yang menyeluruh antara etnik Bosniak dan Croat dan mereka kekal menjadi sebuah sekutu di wilayah-wilayah lain. Beberapa rancangan damai telah dicadangkan oleh komuniti antarabangsa semasa perang, tetapi semuanya gagal. Pada 23 Februari 1994, satu gencatan senjata telah dicapai dan sebuah persetujuan untuk menamatkan keganasan ini telah ditandatangani di Washington pada 18 Mac 1994. Pada masa ini, HVO telah kehilangan separuh daripada wilayah yang dikuasai oleh mereka. Persetujuan ini telah membawa pada penubuhan Persekutuan Bosnia dan Herzegovina dan sebuah operasi bersama untuk menentang tentera Serb yang mana telah membantu untuk mengubah keseimbangan ketenteraan dan membawa penamatan pada Perang Bosnia.
Tribunal Jenayah Antarabangsa untuk bekas Yugoslavia (ICTY) memberi sejumlah nombor para pegawai tertinggi etnik Croat dan Bosniak di bawah tuduhan jenayah perang. Dalam kes menentang para pemimpin politik dan tentera Herzeg-Bosnia, ICTY memutuskan bahawa Croatia berkuasa penuh ke atas HVO. Dalam satu keputusan serta merta untuk pertama kali bagi kes Prlić et al. mendapati sebuah kelakuan jenayah bersama wujud bagi menduduki atau menguasai wilayah Bosnia dan Herzegovina berdasarkan sempadan pada tahun 1939 Banovina dari Croatia.
Nota
suntingRujukan
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|trans_title=ignored (bantuan) - Myers, Linnet (6 May 1993). "Bosnian Serbs Spurn Un Pact, Set Referendum". Chicago Tribune.
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