Ini ialah senarai bintang yang diberikan nama dalam Bahasa Arab. Dalam astronomi Barat, kebanyakan nama bintang yang diguna pakai adalah dalam bahasa Arab; terdapat sebilangan kecil dalam bahasa Yunani dan asal-usul nama sebilangan bintang tidak diketahui. Lazimnya hanya bintang terang diberikan nama.[1]
Sejarah nama Arab bintang-bintang
sunting
Lihat juga: Astronomi Islam pada Zaman Pertengahan
Nama tua bintang wujud daripada penduduk semenanjung Arabia lebih seribu tahun dahulu, sebelum kedatangan Islam, dan ada juga nama bintang yang diterjemahkan daripada bahasa Yunani.
Ahli astronomi Yunani, Ptolemy menyenaraikan 1,025 bintang dalam kitabnya, Almagest. Kitab ini diterjemahkan ke dalam bahasa Arab dalam kurun ke-8 dan ke-9 dan kemudiannya menjadi masyhur di Eropah pada kurun ke-12 selepas terjemahan Almagest dalam bahasa Arab diterjemahkan pula ke dalam bahasa Latin.
Seorang penyelidik sejarah sains daripada Universiti Munich, Paul Kunitzsch, membuat kajian meluas berkaitan penyerapan nama Arab ke dalam penggunaan astronomi Eropah: daripada 210 nama bintang Arab yang dikenal pasti, 52% datang dari nama asali Arab, 39% daripada terjemahan Ptolemy dan 9% tidak diketahui asal-usul mereka (sama ada daripada tekaan, kesilapan pembacaan, atau pilihan penterjemah).[2]
Ptolemy menggunakan strategi "rujukan kepada tubuh manusia" bagi mengenal pasti bintang dalam buruj atau gugusan yang sudah dikenali, (misalnya "pada bahu kanan Si Pemburu"). Para ahli astronomi Islam mengambil beberapa nama ini sebagai nama khas bintang, dan menambah nama daripada kisah tua bintang-bintang Arab dan mencatatkannya dalam treatis bergelar Zij. Zij yang paling terkenal ialah zij yang bertajuk Kitab Bintang Tetap yang dikarang ahli ilmu falak Muslim, Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi ("Azophi"), yang mencatatkan kesemua bintang yang diketahuinya bersama-sama pemerhatian, pemerian, kedudukan, magnitud, kecerahan, dan warna.
Namun, di Eropah Zaman Pertengahan dan Zaman Pembaharuan, banyak nama-nama tua bintang tidak disalin atau diterjemahkan dengan betul oleh para penyalin dan penterjemah yang kebanyakannya tidak dapat bertutur dalam bahasa Arab dengan baik. Ekoran masalah ini, pensejarahan nama bintang menjadi rumit.[3]
Nama am |
Transliterasi nama Arab |
Makna |
Nama Arab
|
Acamar |
Akhir an-Nahr |
Penghujung sungai |
اخر النهر
|
Achernar |
Akhir an-Nahr |
Penghujung sungai |
اخر النهر
|
Acrab |
Al-'Aqrab |
Kala jengking |
عقرب
|
Acubens |
Az-Zubana |
Penyepit |
الزبانى
|
Adhafera |
Ad-Dafirah |
Pleksus |
الضفيره
|
Adhara |
Al-'Adhara |
Gadis |
العذارى
|
Adib |
Al-dhi’b |
Serigala |
الذئب
|
Adhil |
Al-Dhayl |
Ekor |
الذيل
|
Ain |
'Ain |
Mata [lembu jantan] |
عين
|
Albali |
Al-Bali' |
Yang menelan |
البالع
|
Alchibah |
Al-Khiba' |
Khemah |
الخباء
|
Aldebaran |
Al-Dabaran |
Pengikut [Pleiades] |
الدبران
|
Alderamin |
Adh-Dhira' al-Yamin |
Lengan kanan |
الذراع الايمن
|
Alfirk |
Al-Firq |
Kelompok, kekawanan |
الفرق
|
Algedi |
Al-Jady |
Kambing |
الجدي
|
Algenib |
Al-Janb |
Rusuk [tepian] |
الجنب
|
Algieba |
Al-Jabhah |
Dahi [singa] |
الجبهة
|
Algebar |
Al-Jabbar |
Gergasi |
الجبّار
|
Algol |
Al-Ghul |
Hantu |
رأس الغول
|
Algorab |
Al-Ghurab |
Gagak |
الغراب
|
Alhena |
Al-Han'ah |
Tanda [selar] |
الهنعه
|
Alioth |
Al-Jawn |
"John" [kuda hitam] |
الجون
|
Alkaid |
Al-Qa'id |
Ketua [gadis yang meratap] |
القائد
|
Alkes |
Al-Ka's |
Gelas |
الكأس
|
Almak |
'Anaq al-Ard |
Memeluk bumi |
عناق الأرض
|
Almeisan |
Al-Maisan |
Yang berkilau |
الميسان
|
Alnair |
An-Nayyir |
Yang terang |
النّيّر
|
Alnilam |
An-Nidham |
Rantai mutiara |
النّظم
|
Alnitak |
An-Nitaq |
Tali pinggang |
النطاق
|
Alnasl |
Al-nasl |
Bilah anak panah |
النصل
|
Alphard |
Al-Fard |
Yang berseorangan, Individu |
الفرد
|
Alphecca |
Al-Fakkah |
Yang pecah [rantaian bintang] |
الفكه
|
Alpheratz |
Surrat al-Faras |
Pusat [kuda] Parsi |
سرة الفرس
|
Alrescha |
Al-Risha' |
Tali |
الرشاء
|
Alsafi |
Al-Athafi |
The tripods for cooking on Sigma "Andiron" |
الأثافي
|
Alsuhail |
Suhail |
"Suhail" |
سهيل
|
Altair |
(Al-Nasr) At-Ta'ir |
Helang [yang terbang] |
النّسر الطّائر
|
Altais |
At-Tais |
The great serpent "Goat" |
التيس
|
Alterf |
At-Tarf |
"The glance" of the lion "Party" |
الطرف
|
Aludra |
Al-'Udhrah |
The maidenhead "Faces" |
العذره
|
Alula Australis, Alula Borealis |
(Al-Qafzah) al-Ula |
Lompatan pertama |
القفزةالأولى
|
Alya |
Al-Alyah |
The fatty tail of a sheep "Mechanism" |
الألية
|
Angetenar |
'Arjat an-Nahr |
Lengkungan sungai |
عرجة النهر
|
Ankaa |
Al-'Anka' |
Phoenix |
العنقاء
|
Arkab |
Al-'Urqub |
Urat tumit [tendon Achilles] |
العرقوب
|
Arneb |
Al-Arnab |
Arnab |
الأرنب
|
Arrakis |
Ar-Raqis |
Penari |
الراقص
|
Atik |
Al-'Atiq |
"The shoulder" of the Pleiades "Responsibility Chandelier" |
عاتق الثّريّا
|
Auva |
Al-'Awwa' |
Salakan [penyalak] |
العوّاء
|
Azha |
Al-Udhi |
Tempat menetas |
اشيانة
|
Common name |
Arabic name (transliteration) |
Meaning |
Arabic name
|
Baham |
Al-Biham |
The livestock |
سعد البهام
|
Baten Kaitos |
Batn Qaytus |
Belly of Cetus |
بطن قيطس
|
Beid |
Al-Baid |
The eggs |
بيض
|
Benetnash |
Banat Na'sh |
Daughters of the bier |
بنات النعش
|
Betelgeuse |
Yad al-Jauza' |
Hand of Gemini |
يد الجوزاء
|
Botein |
Al-Butayn |
The little belly |
بطين
|
Common name |
Arabic name (transliteration) |
Meaning |
Arabic name
|
Caph |
Al-Kaff |
"The palm" of the Pleiades |
الكـــف الخضيب
|
Celbalrai |
Kalb ar-Ra'i |
Anjing kembala |
كلب الراعي
|
Chort |
Al-Kharat |
Rusuk |
الخرت
|
Cursa |
Al-Kursi |
Kerusi |
الكرسي
|
Common name |
Arabic name (transliteration) |
Meaning |
Arabic name
|
Dabih |
Sa'd adh-dhabih |
The lucky star of "the slaughterer" |
سّعد الذّابح
|
Deneb |
Dhanab ad-Dajajah |
Tail of the fowl |
ذنب الدجاجة
|
Deneb Dulfim |
Dhanab ad-Dulfin |
Tail of the Dolphin |
ذنب الدّلفين
|
Deneb Algedi |
Dhanab al-Jady |
Tail of the goat |
ذنب الجدي
|
Deneb Kaitos |
Dhanab Qaytus |
Tail of Cetus |
ذنب قيطس
|
Denebola |
Dhanab al-Asad |
Tail of the lion |
ذنب الاسد
|
Diphda |
Ad-Difda' Al-awwal |
The first frog |
الضّفدع الأوّل
|
Dschubba |
Al-Jabhah |
"The forehead" of the scorpion |
الجبهة
|
Dubhe |
Kahil Ad-Dubb |
The back of the bear |
كاهل الدّب
|
Dziban |
Adh-Dhi'ban |
The two wolves |
الذئبان
|
Common name |
Arabic name (transliteration) |
Meaning |
Arabic name
|
Edasich |
Adh-Dhikh |
The hyena |
الذّيخ
|
El Nath |
An-Nath |
The butting |
النطح
|
Eltanin |
At-Tinnin |
The great serpent |
التنين
|
Enif |
Al-Anf |
The nose |
الأنف
|
Errai |
Ar-Ra'i |
The shepherd |
الراعي
|
Common name |
Arabic name (transliteration) |
Meaning |
Arabic name
|
Fomalhaut |
Fam al-Hut |
Mouth of the whale |
فم الحوت
|
Furud |
Al-Furud |
"Individual" stars |
الفرد
|
Common name |
Arabic name (transliteration) |
Meaning |
Arabic name
|
Gienah |
Al-Janah |
The wing |
الجناح
|
Gomeisa |
Al-Ghumaisa' |
The bleary-eyed one |
الغميصاء
|
Common name |
Arabic name (transliteration) |
Meaning |
Arabic name
|
Hadar |
Hadar |
Civilization |
حضار
|
Hamal |
Al-Hamal |
The ram |
نيّر الحمل
|
Heka |
Al-Haq'ah |
The white spot |
الهقعة
|
Homam |
Sa'd al-humam |
The lucky star of "the high-minded |
سعد الهمام
|
Common name |
Arabic name (transliteration) |
Meaning |
Arabic name
|
Izar |
Al-Izar |
The girdle, or, The loin-cloth |
الإزار
|
Common name |
Arabic name (transliteration) |
Meaning |
Arabic name
|
Jabbah |
Al-Jabhah |
"The forehead" of the scorpion |
الجبهة
|
Common name |
Arabic name (transliteration) |
Meaning |
Arabic name
|
Lesath |
Al-Las'ah |
The sting |
اللسعة
|
Luh-Denebola |
dhanab al-asad |
the lion's tail |
ذنب الليث
|
Common name |
Arabic name (transliteration) |
Meaning |
Arabic name
|
Maasym |
Al-Mi'sam |
The wrist |
معصم الثّريّا
|
Maaz |
Al-Ma'z |
The he-goat |
المعز
|
Marfik |
Al-Mirfaq |
The elbow |
المرفق
|
Markab |
Mankib al-Faras |
"The shoulder" of the horse |
منكب الفرس
|
Matar |
Sa'd Matar |
The lucky star of "the rain" |
سعد مطر
|
Mebsuta |
Al-Mabsutah |
"The outstretched" paw |
الذّراع المبسوطه
|
Megrez |
Al-Maghriz |
"The insertion-point" of the Bear's |
مغرز
|
Meissa |
Al-Maisan |
The shining one |
الميسان
|
Mekbuda |
Al-Maqbudah |
"The pulled-in" paw |
الذّراع المقبوضة
|
Menkalinan |
Mankib Dhi-al-'Inan |
Shoulder of the rein-holder |
منكب ذي العنان
|
Menkar |
Al-Minkhar |
The nostril |
المنخر
|
Menkib |
Al-Mankib |
"The shoulder" of the Pleiades |
منكب الثّريّا
|
Merak |
Al-Maraqq |
The loins |
المراق
|
Mintaka |
Al-Mintaqah |
The belt |
المنطقة
|
Mirak |
Al-Mi'zar |
The loin-cloth |
المراق
|
Mirfak |
Al-Mirfaq |
"The elbow" of the Pleiades |
مرفق الثّريّا
|
Mizar |
miʾzar |
apron |
المئزر
|
Mothallah |
Al-Muthallath |
The triangle |
المثلث
|
Muphrid |
Al-Mufrid |
The solitary one |
المفرد
|
Murzim |
Al-Murzim |
The roarer |
المرزم
|
Common name |
Arabic name (transliteration) |
Meaning |
Arabic name
|
Nashira |
Sa'd Nashirah |
The lucky star of Nashirah |
سعد ناشرة
|
Nekkar |
Al-Baqqar |
The cattleman |
البقار
|
Gamma Sagittarii |
An-Nasl |
The arrowhead |
النصل
|
Nihal |
An-Nihal |
The camels quenching their thirst |
النهال
|
Nusakan |
An-Nasaqan |
The two series |
النسقان
|
Common name |
Arabic name (transliteration) |
Meaning |
Arabic name
|
Okda |
Al-'Uqdah |
The knot |
العقدة
|
Common name |
Arabic name (transliteration) |
Meaning |
Arabic name
|
Phact |
Al-Fakhitah |
The dove |
فاخثة
|
Phad |
Al-Fakhidh |
The thigh |
فخذ
|
Pherkad |
Al-Farqad |
The calf |
فرقد
|
Common name |
Arabic name (transliteration) |
Meaning |
Arabic name
|
Rasalased |
Ra's al-Asad |
Head of the lion |
رأس الأسد
|
Rasalgethi |
Ra's al-Jathi |
Head of the kneeling one |
رأس الجاثي
|
Rasalhague |
Ra's al-Hawwa' |
Head of the snake-man |
رأس الحوّاء
|
Rastaban |
Ra's ath-Thu'ban |
Head of the snake |
رأس الثعبان
|
Rigel |
Ar-Rijl |
The foot |
رجل الجبّار
|
Rigilkent |
Rijl Qanturus |
Foot of the centaur |
رجل قنطورس
|
Risha |
Ar-Risha' |
The rope |
الرشاء
|
Rukbah |
Ar-Rukbah |
The knee |
الركبة
|
Rukbat |
Ar-Rukbah |
The knee |
ركبة الرامي
|
Common name |
Arabic name (transliteration) |
Meaning |
Arabic name
|
Sabik |
As-Sabiq |
The preceding |
سابق
|
Sadachbia |
Sa'd al-Akhbiyah |
Lucky star of the tents |
سعد الاخبية
|
Sadalbari |
Sa'd al-Bari' |
Lucky star of the excellent one |
سعد بارع
|
Sadalmelik |
Sa'd al-Malik |
Lucky star of the king |
سعد الملك
|
Sadalsuud |
Sa'd as-Su'ud |
Luck of lucks |
سعد السعود
|
Sadr |
As-Sadr |
The breast |
الصدر
|
Saiph |
As-Saif |
The sword |
سيف
|
Scheat |
As-Sa'id |
The shoulder |
الساعد
|
Shaula |
Ash-Shaulah |
The raised tail of the scorpion |
الشولة
|
Shedir |
As-Sadr |
The breast |
الصدر
|
Sheliak |
Alshelaiyak |
- |
الشلياق
|
Sheratan |
Ash-Sharatan |
The two signs |
الشرطان
|
Sirrah |
Surrat al-Faras |
Belly-button of the female horse |
سرة الفرس
|
Skat |
As-Saq |
The leg |
الساق
|
Sulafat |
As-Sulhafat |
The tortoise |
السلحفاة
|
Common name |
Arabic name (transliteration) |
Meaning |
Arabic name
|
Unukalhai |
'Unuq al-Hayyah |
Neck of the snake |
عنق الحية
|
Common name |
Arabic name (transliteration) |
Meaning |
Arabic name
|
Vega |
Al-Waqi' |
"The stooping" eagle |
النسر الواقع
|
Common name |
Arabic name (transliteration) |
Meaning |
Arabic name
|
Wasat |
Wasat as-Sama' |
"Middle" of the sky |
وسط
|
Beta Columbae |
Al-Wazn |
The weight |
الوزن
|
Wezen |
Al-Wazn |
The weight |
الوزن
|
Common name |
Arabic name (transliteration) |
Meaning |
Arabic name
|
Yed Prior |
Al-Yad |
The preceding one of the Snake Man's hand |
مقدّم يدالحوّاء
|
Yed Posterior |
Al-Yad |
The succeeding one of the Snake Man's hand |
مؤخّر يدالحوّاء
|
Common name |
Arabic name (transliteration) |
Meaning |
Arabic name
|
Zaniah |
Az-Zawiyah |
The angle |
الزاوية
|
Zaurac |
Az-Zawraq |
The boat |
زورق
|
Zavijava |
Zawiyat al-'Awwa' |
The angle of al awa |
زاوية العواء
|
Zubenelgenubi |
Az-Zuban al-Janubi |
"Southern Claw" |
زبانى/الزبان الجنوبي
|
Zubeneshamali |
Az-Zuban ash-Shamali |
"Northern Claw" |
زبانى/الزبان الشمالي
|