Scapa Flow
Scapa Flow (/ˈskɑːpə/ atau /ˈskæpə/; daripada bahasa purba Scandinavia Skalpaflói, bermaksud "bay of the long isthmus"[1]) ialah kawasan perairan di Pulau Orkney, Scotland, yang dilindungi oleh pulau-pulau Tanah Besar Orkney, Graemsay, Burray,[2] South Ronaldsay dan Hoy. Perairan yang terlindung ini telahpun digunakan oleh kapal-kapal semenjak zaman prasejarah dan ia memainkan peranan penting dalam pengembaraan, perdagangan dan konflik selama berabad - terutamanya semasa Perang Dunia.
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Scotland_relief_location_map.jpg/220px-Scotland_relief_location_map.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Scapa_Flow.svg/220px-Scapa_Flow.svg.png)
Satu konsultasi dalam pengurusan pengimbang air pada tahun 2013 mengukur definisi yang biasa digunakan Pihak Berkuasa Pelabuhan Scapa Flow pada 324.5 kilometer persegi (125.3 bt2) dan hanya dibawah 1 bilion meter padu air.
Rujukan dan sumber
sunting- Rujukan
- ^ Scapa Flow: Graveyard of the German Fleet, Will Springer.[halaman diperlukan]
- ^ S. C. George, Jutland to Junkyard, 1973.
- Sumber
- George, S. C. (1981). Jutland to Junkyard. Edinburgh: Paul Harris Publishing. ISBN 0-86228-029-X. Describes the scuttling of the High Seas Fleet.
- Thomson, William P. L. (2008). The New History of Orkney. Edinburgh: Birlinn. ISBN 978-1-84158-696-0.
- Wood, Lawson (2007). Scapa Flow Dive Guide. AquaPress Publishing. ISBN 1-905492-04-9. A comprehensive guide to diving the wrecks and reefs of Scapa Flow.
Bacaan lanjut
sunting- Booth, Tony. Cox's Navy: Salvaging the German High Seas Fleet at Scapa Flow 1924-1931. Barnsley: Pen & Sword Maritime, 2005. ISBN 978-1-8441-5181-3
- Brown, Malcolm & Patricia Meehan. Scapa Flow. London: Pan Books, 2002. ISBN 1-4050-0785-0.
- Konstam, Angus. Scapa Flow: The Defences of Britain's Great Fleet Anchorage 1914-45. Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 2009. ISBN 978-1-8460-3366-7
- Dive Scapa Flow by Rod Macdonald. Whittles Publishing ISBN 978-184995-290-3
Pautan luar
suntingWikimedia Commons mempunyai media berkaitan Scapa Flow |
- Scapa Flow Visitor Centre and Museum
- Scapa Flow website by North Walls Community School
- Scuttling of the High Seas Fleet at Scapa Flow
- About the shipwrecks at Scapa Flow
- Listing of German and scuttled ships.
- Scapa Flow Marine Archaeology Project
- Orkney Wireless Museum (in Kirkwall)
- Ness Battery: A WWII coast battery near Stromness
- Website for Orkney Defence Interest Network