Qasabah

Qasabah (Arab: قَـصَـبَـة, rumi: qaṣabahcode: ar is deprecated "bahagian tengah kota atau benteng", Bahasa Barbar: tighremt ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵎⵜ ,^[1] Bahasa Perancis dan Inggeris: kasbah) ialah suatu kelompok bangunan yang dibentengkan sekelilingnya.^[1]^[2]^[3]

Seni bina mengikut rantau

Di Maghreb

Qasabah-qasabah di rantau Maghreb dan Iberia termasuk Andalusia kerap berupa beberapa bangunan dipusatkan kepada suatu menara benteng ataupun dikelililingi sebuah kubu atau dinding pertahanan; ia sering menjadi tempat kediaman pemimpin setempat serta menjadi pelindung sebuah kota diserang.

Binaan-binaan di rantau ini sering mempunyai dinding tembok tinggi yang biasanya tidak bertingkap. Ia kadangkalanya juga dibina di puncak bukit agar lebih mudah terlindung, seperti di Tangiers. Qasabah juga boleh ditempatkan berhampiran pintu masuk ke pelabuhan.

Pembinaan qasabah ini dianggap sebagai suatu status kekayaan keluarga yang mampu membinanya.

Di Timur Tengah

Qasabah-qasabah jauh di Timur Tengah seperti Arab Saudi dan Yaman pula lebih berupa suatu menara batu baik berhubung dengan suatu rumah khas atau terasing pencil di puncak bukit atau dikelilingi ladang sebagai suatu tempat pemerhatian atau lumbung.^[4] Kebanyakan tapak-tapak qasabah ini berupa bentuk bulat namun ada juga tapak berbentuk segi empat yang dapat ditemui.^[5]

Terdapat juga penemuan gambaran menara yang serupa di runtuhan Qaryat al-Fāw, Rub 'al-Khali bertarikh sekitar abad ke-3 SM hingga abad ke-4 M yang turut berkongsi ciri binaan sama guna di Yaman dan Arab Saudi selatan.^[6]

Rujukan

^ ^a ^b Lehmann, Ingeborg; Henss, Rita (2012). Morocco Baedeker Guide. m/s. 214. KASBAH A mud-brick castle that serves as a residence for the local Berber tribe is called a kasbah or »tighremt« in Morocco. Some are private mansions, others are even whole fortified villages with many large and small buildings crowded on ...
^ Rogerson, Barnaby (2000). Marrakesh, Fez, Rabat. m/s. 65. "as its purpose, for a kasbah should be the domain of a ruler, be he sultan, governor or just a tribal chieftain. Most of the ancient cities of Morocco retain a large portion of their outer walls, but the kasbah (the government citadel containing...
^ Morocco – A Country Study Guide. International Business Publications. 2006. m/s. 229. Sultan Abdelmoumen transformed what was not much more than a Casbah and built a mosque and a palace here too.
^ Mostyn, Trevor (1983). Saudi Arabia- A MEED Practical Guide (ed. ke-2). London: Middle East Economic Digest. m/s. 320.
^ "Asir". The New Encyclopædia Britannica. 1 (ed. ke-15). Micropedia. 1998. m/s. 635.
^ Covington, Richard (2011). "Roads of Arabia". Saudi Aramco World. No. March/April 2011. Text "pages 24-35" ignored (bantuan)

Pautan luar

[Lehmann&Henss-1] Lehmann, Ingeborg; Henss, Rita (2012). Morocco Baedeker Guide. m/s. 214. KASBAH A mud-brick castle that serves as a residence for the local Berber tribe is called a kasbah or »tighremt« in Morocco. Some are private mansions, others are even whole fortified villages with many large and small buildings crowded on ...

[2] Rogerson, Barnaby (2000). Marrakesh, Fez, Rabat. m/s. 65. "as its purpose, for a kasbah should be the domain of a ruler, be he sultan, governor or just a tribal chieftain. Most of the ancient cities of Morocco retain a large portion of their outer walls, but the kasbah (the government citadel containing...

[3] Morocco – A Country Study Guide. International Business Publications. 2006. m/s. 229. Sultan Abdelmoumen transformed what was not much more than a Casbah and built a mosque and a palace here too.

[4] Mostyn, Trevor (1983). Saudi Arabia- A MEED Practical Guide (ed. ke-2). London: Middle East Economic Digest. m/s. 320.

[5] "Asir". The New Encyclopædia Britannica. 1 (ed. ke-15). Micropedia. 1998. m/s. 635.

[6] Covington, Richard (2011). "Roads of Arabia". Saudi Aramco World. No. March/April 2011. Text "pages 24-35" ignored (bantuan)

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