Malawimonad

Malawimonads
	Gambar mikroskop cahaya imej malawimonad Gefionella okellyi
Pengelasan saintifik
Templat taksonomi hilang (baiki):	Malawimonadida
Families
	Imasidae; Malawimonadidae;
Sinonim
	Neolouka Cavalier-Smith 2013;

Malawimonads (order Malawimonadida) adalah kumpulan kecil mikroorganisma dengan kedudukan asas dalam pokok evolusi eukariot, mengandungi hanya tiga spesies yang diiktiraf.^[2] Mereka dianggap sebagai sebahagian daripada kumpulan paraphyletic yang dikenali sebagai "Excavata".^[3]^[4]

Evolusi

Jelas bahawa malawimonad adalah monophyletic clade di asas Eukaryota, tetapi tidak ada konsensus tentang hubungan khusus antara kumpulan asas lain, seperti Discoba, Metamonada, Ancyromonadida dan Podiata. Sister group kepada Malawimonadida berbeza-beza antara analisis.^[2] Beberapa analisis filogenetik mendapati Malawimonadida sebagai sister group kepada Podiata.^[5] Analisis lain menganggap Malawimonadida sebagai sister group kepada Discoba atau Metamonada. Sangat sedikit analisis moden yang menganggap ketiga-tiga klad, Malawimonadida, Discoba dan Metamonada, membentuk Excavata monofiletik yang tidak dijangka.^[2]

Eukaryota

Diaphoretickes (plants, chromalveolates...)

Discoba

Jakobea

Tsukubea

	Euglenozoa

	Heterolobosea

Metamonada

Malawimonadida

Ancyromonadida

Podiata

	CRuMs

	Amorphea (amoebozoa, fungi, animals...)

"Excavata"

Rujukan

^ Cavalier-Smith T (December 2021). "Ciliary transition zone evolution and the root of the eukaryote tree: implications for opisthokont origin and classification of kingdoms Protozoa, Plantae, and Fungi". Protoplasma. 259: 487–593. doi:10.1007/s00709-021-01665-7. PMC 9010356 Check |pmc= value (bantuan).
^ ^a ^b ^c Heiss AA, Warring SD, Lukacs K, Favate J, Yang A, Gyaltshen Y, Filardi C, Simpson AGB, Kim E (December 2020). "Description of Imasa heleensis, gen. nov., sp. nov. (Imasidae, fam. nov.), a Deep-Branching Marine Malawimonad and Possible Key Taxon in Understanding Early Eukaryotic Evolution". Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology. 68: e12837. doi:10.1111/jeu.12837.
^ Kolisko M, Flegontova O, Karnkowska A, Lax G, Maritz JM, Pánek T, Táborský P, Carlton JM, Čepička I, Aleš H, Julius L, Simpson AGB, Tai V (2020). "EukRef-excavates: seven curated SSU ribosomal RNA gene databases". Database. 2020 (baaa080). doi:10.1093/database/baaa080. PMC 7678783.
^ Heiss, Aaron A.; Kolisko, Martin; Ekelund, Fleming; Brown, Matthew W.; Roger, Andrew J.; Simpson, Alastair G. B.; dll. (2018). "Combined morphological and phylogenomic re-examination of malawimonads, a critical taxon for inferring the evolutionary history of eukaryotes". Royal Society Open Science. 5 (4): 171707. Bibcode:2018RSOS....571707H. doi:10.1098/rsos.171707. PMC 5936906. PMID 29765641.
^ Brown MW, dll. (2018), "Phylogenomics Places Orphan Protistan Lineages in a Novel Eukaryotic Super-Group", Genome Biology and Evolution, 10 (2): 427–433, doi:10.1093/gbe/evy014, PMC 5793813

[CavSmith_2021-1] Cavalier-Smith T (December 2021). "Ciliary transition zone evolution and the root of the eukaryote tree: implications for opisthokont origin and classification of kingdoms Protozoa, Plantae, and Fungi". Protoplasma. 259: 487–593. doi:10.1007/s00709-021-01665-7. PMC 9010356 Check |pmc= value (bantuan).

[Imasa_heleensis-2] Heiss AA, Warring SD, Lukacs K, Favate J, Yang A, Gyaltshen Y, Filardi C, Simpson AGB, Kim E (December 2020). "Description of Imasa heleensis, gen. nov., sp. nov. (Imasidae, fam. nov.), a Deep-Branching Marine Malawimonad and Possible Key Taxon in Understanding Early Eukaryotic Evolution". Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology. 68: e12837. doi:10.1111/jeu.12837.

[EukRef-excavates-3] Kolisko M, Flegontova O, Karnkowska A, Lax G, Maritz JM, Pánek T, Táborský P, Carlton JM, Čepička I, Aleš H, Julius L, Simpson AGB, Tai V (2020). "EukRef-excavates: seven curated SSU ribosomal RNA gene databases". Database. 2020 (baaa080). doi:10.1093/database/baaa080. PMC 7678783.

[Gefionella-4] Heiss, Aaron A.; Kolisko, Martin; Ekelund, Fleming; Brown, Matthew W.; Roger, Andrew J.; Simpson, Alastair G. B.; dll. (2018). "Combined morphological and phylogenomic re-examination of malawimonads, a critical taxon for inferring the evolutionary history of eukaryotes". Royal Society Open Science. 5 (4): 171707. Bibcode:2018RSOS....571707H. doi:10.1098/rsos.171707. PMC 5936906. PMID 29765641.

[OrphanProtistanLineages-5] Brown MW, dll. (2018), "Phylogenomics Places Orphan Protistan Lineages in a Novel Eukaryotic Super-Group", Genome Biology and Evolution, 10 (2): 427–433, doi:10.1093/gbe/evy014, PMC 5793813

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