Bouteloua

Rumput grama
	Bouteloua curtipendula
Pengelasan saintifik
Domain:	Eukaryota
Alam:	Plantae
Klad:	Trakeofit
Klad:	Monokot
Klad:	Komelinid
Order:	Poales
Keluarga:	Poaceae
Subkeluarga:	Chloridoideae
Tribus:	Cynodonteae
Subtribus:	Boutelouinae; Stapf
Genus:	Bouteloua; Lag. 1805 not Hornem. ex P. Beauv. 1812
Spesies jenis
	Bouteloua racemosa; Lag.
Sinonim
	Senarai sinonim Actinochloa Roem. & Schult. ; Antichloa Steud., name not validly published ; Aristidium (Endl.) Lindl. ; Atheropogon Muhl. ex Willd. ; Botelua Lag., alternate spelling ; Buchloe Engelm. ; Buchlomimus Reeder, C.Reeder & Rzed. ; Bulbilis Raf. ex Kuntze ; Calanthera Hook., illegitimate homonym ; Casiostega Galeotti, name not validly published ; Corethrum Vahl ; Cyclostachya Reeder & C.Reeder ; Erucaria Cerv. ; Eutriana Trin. ; Fourniera Scribn. ; Griffithsochloa G.J.Pierce ; Heterosteca Desv. ; Lasiostega Benth., illegitimate homonym ; Nestlera Steud., illegitimate homonym ; Opizia J.Presl ; Pentarrhaphis Kunth ; Pleiodon Rchb. ; Polyodon Kunth ; Polyschistis C.Presl ; Pringleochloa Scribn. ; Soderstromia C.V.Morton ; Strombodurus Steud., name not validly published ; Triaena Kunth ; Triathera Desv. ; Triplathera (Endl.) Lindl. ;

Bouteloua adalah genus tumbuhan dalam keluarga rumput.^[4]^[5] Ahli genus ini biasanya dikenali sebagai rumput grama.^[6]

Taksonomi dan sistematik

Genus ini dinamakan sempena Claudio dan Esteban Boutelou, ahli botani Sepanyol abad ke-19.^[7]^[8] David Griffiths menghasilkan monograf pada tahun 1912 tentang genus ini.^[9]

Penerangan

Bahagian atas batang bunga hairy grama (Bouteloua hirsuta), menunjukkan rachis yang leper

Bouteloua termasuk rumput tahunan dan saka, yang kerap membentuk stolon.^[9] Spesies mempunyai perbungaan 1 hingga 80 raceme atau spike yang diposisikan secara bergantian pada culm (batang). Rachis (batang) spike adalah leper. Spikelet terletak di satu sisi spike. Setiap spikelet mengandungi satu floret subur, dan biasanya satu floret mandul.^[10]

Pengedaran

Bouteloua hanya ditemui di Benua Amerika, dengan kebanyakan kepelbagaian tertumpu di barat daya Amerika Syarikat.^[9] Ia juga terdapat di Ciénaga de Zapata Biosphere Reserve di Cuba.^[11]

Kegunaan

Banyak spesies adalah makanan ternakan yang penting, terutamanya blue grama.^[9]

Spesies

Spesies Bouteloua termasuk:^[3]^[6]^[12]^[13]^[14]

Bouteloua alamosana Vasey – Mesoamerika
Bouteloua americana (L.) Scribn. – grama Amerika – selatan Mexico, Amerika Tengah, West Indies, utara Amerika Selatan
Bouteloua annua Swallen – Baja California Sur, Sonora
Bouteloua aristidoides (Kunth) Griseb. – grama jarum – Amerika Syarikat (California, Arizona, Nevada, Utah, New Mexico, Texas); Mexico, Amerika Selatan, Aruba
Bouteloua barbata Lag. – grama enam minggu – Amerika Syarikat, Mexico
Bouteloua bracteata (McVaugh) Columbus – Michoacán
[[Bouteloua brevis

eta]] Vasey – Amerika Syarikat, Mexico

Bouteloua chondrosioides (Kunth) Benth. ex S.Watson – grama sprucetop – Amerika Syarikat (AZ TX); Mesoamerika
Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr. – grama sideoats – tersebar luas di AS, Kanada, Mexico
Bouteloua dactyloides (Nutt.) Columbus – rumput kerbau – AS, Kanada, Mexico
Bouteloua dimorpha Columbus – Great Plains di AS, Kanada, Mexico, Honduras, Cuba, Trinidad
Bouteloua distans Swallen – Mexico
Bouteloua disticha (Kunth) Benth. – dari selatan Mexico ke Ecuador; juga Cuba, Galápagos
Bouteloua eludens Griffiths – AS (Arizona, New Mexico), Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Sonora)
Bouteloua eriopoda (Torr.) Torr. – Amerika Syarikat, Mexico
Bouteloua gracilis (Willd. ex Kunth) Lag. ex Griffiths – blue grama – Great Plains di AS, Kanada, Mexico
Bouteloua hirsuta Lag. – AS (Great Plains, Barat Daya), Mexico, Guatemala
Bouteloua johnstonii Swallen – Coahuila
Bouteloua juncea (Desv. ex Beauv.) A.S.Hitchc. – lamilla – Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico
Bouteloua media (E.Fourn.) Gould & Kapadia – dari tengah Mexico ke Uruguay
Bouteloua megapotamica (Spreng.) Kuntze – Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay, Bolivia
Bouteloua mexicana (Scribn.) Columbus – Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, Honduras
Bouteloua multifida (Griffiths) Columbus – dari Sonora ke Oaxaca
Bouteloua nervata Swallen – Hidalgo, México State
Bouteloua parryi (E. Fourn.) Griffiths – Parry's Grama, Texas, Arizona, New Mexico, Mexico Utara
Bouteloua pectinata (Bouteloua hirsuta var. pectinata) – tall grama, rumput kening – Texas
Bouteloua pedicellata Swallen – Puebla, Hidalgo, Guanajuato, Tlaxcala, Nuevo León, Veracruz
Bouteloua polymorpha (E.Fourn.) Columbus – dari Durango ke Oaxaca
Bouteloua purpurea Gould & Kapadia – Guanajuato, D.F., San Luis Potosí, México State, Hidalgo, Querétaro
Bouteloua radicosa (E. Fourn.) Griffiths – purple grama – AS (Arizona, New Mexico), Mexico (Chihuahua, Michoacán, Coahuila, Morelos, Puebla, Durango, Zacatecas, Distrito Federal de México, Jalisco, Nuevo León, Hidalgo, Oaxaca, Tamaulipas)
Bouteloua reederorum Columbus – Durango, Puebla, Zacatecas, Oaxaca
Bouteloua reflexa Swallen – Sonora, Sinaloa, Baja California, Baja California Sur, Nayarit
Bouteloua repens (Kunth) Scribn. & Merr. – grama langsing – Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma, Mesoamerika, Colombia, Venezuela, West Indies
Bouteloua rigidiseta (Steud.) Hitchc. – grama Texas – New Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma, Arkansas, Louisiana, Mexico (Aguascalientes, Durango)
Bouteloua simplex Lag. Banyak di barat daya dan tengah Amerika Syarikat, Amerika Tengah, barat Amerika Selatan
Bouteloua scabra (Kunth) Columbus – dari Hidalgo ke Honduras
Bouteloua stolonifera Scribn. – San Luis Potosí, Aguascalientes, Zacatecas
Bouteloua swallenii Columbus – dari El Salvador ke Venezuela
Bouteloua triaena (Trin. ex Spreng.) Scribn. – dari Sinaloa ke Guatemala
Bouteloua trifida Thunb. – Arizona, California, Nevada, New Mexico, Texas, Utah, Mexico
Bouteloua uniflora Vasey – Nealley grama, grama oneflower – Utah, Texas, Coahuila, Zacatecas, Nuevo León, Querétaro, Oaxaca, San Luis Potosí, Tamaulipas
Bouteloua vaneedenii Pilg. – Cuba, Leeward Islands, Venezuela
Bouteloua warnockii Gould & Kapadia – grama Warnock – New Mexico, Texas, Sonora, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas, Zacatecas
Bouteloua williamsii Swallen – Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras

Bouteloua barbata (grama enam minggu)
Bouteloua curtipendula (grama sideoats)
Bouteloua eriopoda (grama hitam)
Bouteloua gracilis (blue grama)
Bouteloua megapotamica
Bouteloua trifida (grama merah)

Dahulunya termasuk

Beberapa spesies rumput, yang dahulunya dikelaskan di bawah Bouteloua, telah diklasifikasikan semula di bawah genus lain termasuk:^[3]

Lihat juga

Senarai genus Poaceae

Rujukan

^ ^a ^b "Bouteloua". Rangkaian Maklumat Sumber Germplasma (GRIN). Perkhidmatan Penyelidikan Pertanian, Jabatan Pertanian Amerika Syarikat. |access-date= requires |url= (bantuan)
^ Templat:Tropicos
^ ^a ^b ^c World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew http://wcsp.science.kew.org/namedetail.do?name_id=451142. Missing or empty |title= (bantuan)
^ Lagasca y Segura, Mariano. 1805. Variedades de Ciencias, Literatura y Artes 2(4,21): 134
^ Watson L, Dallwitz MJ. (2008). "The grass genera of the world: descriptions, illustrations, identification, and information retrieval; including synonyms, morphology, anatomy, physiology, phytochemistry, cytology, classification, pathogens, world and local distribution, and references". The Grass Genera of the World. Dicapai pada 2009-08-19.
^ ^a ^b "Bouteloua". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Dicapai pada 2011-03-04.
^ Peterson, P. M. & Y. Herrera-Arrieta. 2001. Bouteloua. Dalam Catalogue of New World Grasses (Poaceae): II. Subfamily Chloridoideae. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 41: 20–33
^ Gould, F. W. 1980. The genus Bouteloua (Poaceae). Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 66(3): 348–416
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Gould, Frank W. (1951). Grasses of Southwestern United States. University of Arizona Bulletin. Tucson: University of Arizona. m/s. 139–140.
^ Sun, Bi-xing; Phillips, Sylvia M., "Bouteloua", Flora of China, 22 – melalui eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA Invalid |mode=Ralat Lua pada baris 14 di Modul:Citation_mode: attempt to index field 'global_cs1_config_t' (a nil value). (bantuan)
^ Ciénaga de Zapata National Park, di whc.unesco.org.
^ "Species Records of Bouteloua". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2009-05-08. Dicapai pada 2011-03-04.
^ "Bouteloua". County-level distribution maps from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA). Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014.
^ Gould, F. W. & R. Moran. 1981. The grasses of Baja California, Mexico. Memoir San Diego Society of Natural History 12: 1–140

Pautan luar

Data berkenaan Bouteloua di Wikispesies
Interactive Key to Bouteloua of North America

[GRIN-1] "Bouteloua". Rangkaian Maklumat Sumber Germplasma (GRIN). Perkhidmatan Penyelidikan Pertanian, Jabatan Pertanian Amerika Syarikat. |access-date= requires |url= (bantuan)

[2] Templat:Tropicos

[x-3] World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew http://wcsp.science.kew.org/namedetail.do?name_id=451142. Missing or empty |title= (bantuan)

[4] Lagasca y Segura, Mariano. 1805. Variedades de Ciencias, Literatura y Artes 2(4,21): 134

[5] Watson L, Dallwitz MJ. (2008). "The grass genera of the world: descriptions, illustrations, identification, and information retrieval; including synonyms, morphology, anatomy, physiology, phytochemistry, cytology, classification, pathogens, world and local distribution, and references". The Grass Genera of the World. Dicapai pada 2009-08-19.

[ITIS-6] "Bouteloua". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Dicapai pada 2011-03-04.

[7] Peterson, P. M. & Y. Herrera-Arrieta. 2001. Bouteloua. Dalam Catalogue of New World Grasses (Poaceae): II. Subfamily Chloridoideae. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 41: 20–33

[8] Gould, F. W. 1980. The genus Bouteloua (Poaceae). Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 66(3): 348–416

[:Gould51-9] Gould, Frank W. (1951). Grasses of Southwestern United States. University of Arizona Bulletin. Tucson: University of Arizona. m/s. 139–140.

[10] Sun, Bi-xing; Phillips, Sylvia M., "Bouteloua", Flora of China, 22 – melalui eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA Invalid |mode=Ralat Lua pada baris 14 di Modul:Citation_mode: attempt to index field 'global_cs1_config_t' (a nil value). (bantuan)

[11] Ciénaga de Zapata National Park, di whc.unesco.org.

[GRINspecies-12] "Species Records of Bouteloua". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2009-05-08. Dicapai pada 2011-03-04.

[13] "Bouteloua". County-level distribution maps from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA). Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014.

[14] Gould, F. W. & R. Moran. 1981. The grasses of Baja California, Mexico. Memoir San Diego Society of Natural History 12: 1–140

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Rumput grama

Bouteloua curtipendula
Pengelasan saintifik
Domain:	Eukaryota
Alam:	Plantae
Klad:	Trakeofit
Klad:	Monokot
Klad:	Komelinid
Order:	Poales
Keluarga:	Poaceae
Subkeluarga:	Chloridoideae
Tribus:	Cynodonteae
Subtribus:	Boutelouinae Stapf
Genus:	Bouteloua Lag. 1805 not Hornem. ex P. Beauv. 1812^[1]^[2]
Spesies jenis
Bouteloua racemosa Lag.
Sinonim^[1]^[3]
Senarai sinonim Actinochloa Roem. & Schult. Antichloa Steud., name not validly published Aristidium (Endl.) Lindl. Atheropogon Muhl. ex Willd. Botelua Lag., alternate spelling Buchloe Engelm. Buchlomimus Reeder, C.Reeder & Rzed. Bulbilis Raf. ex Kuntze Calanthera Hook., illegitimate homonym Casiostega Galeotti, name not validly published Corethrum Vahl Cyclostachya Reeder & C.Reeder Erucaria Cerv. Eutriana Trin. Fourniera Scribn. Griffithsochloa G.J.Pierce Heterosteca Desv. Lasiostega Benth., illegitimate homonym Nestlera Steud., illegitimate homonym Opizia J.Presl Pentarrhaphis Kunth Pleiodon Rchb. Polyodon Kunth Polyschistis C.Presl Pringleochloa Scribn. Soderstromia C.V.Morton Strombodurus Steud., name not validly published Triaena Kunth Triathera Desv. Triplathera (Endl.) Lindl.